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1980 (MCMLXXX) is the current year, and is a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1980th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 980th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1980s decade.
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission.[1]
- January 6 – Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC.
- January 9 – In Saudi Arabia, 63 Islamist insurgents are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November 1979.[2]
- January 14 – Congress (I) party leader, Indira Gandhi returns to power as the Prime Minister of India.[3]
- January 20 – At least 200 people are killed when the Corralejas Bullring collapses at Sincelejo, Colombia.[4]
- January 21 – The London Gold Fixing hits its highest price ever of $843 per troy ounce[5] ($2,249.50 in 2020 when adjusted for inflation).
- January 22 – Andrei Sakharov, Soviet scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow.[6]
- January 26 – Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations.[7]
- January 27 – Canadian Caper: Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran, as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland, on Swissair.
- January 31 – Burning of the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala: The Spanish Embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. In the United States, it is dubbed "Spain's own Tehran".[8]
February
[edit]- February 2 – Abscam: FBI personnel target members of the Congress of the United States in a sting operation.[9]
- February 2–3 – The New Mexico State Penitentiary riot takes place; 33 inmates are killed and more than 100 inmates injured.
- February 4 – Abolhassan Banisadr is sworn in as the first President of Iran after winning the January 25 presidential election.
- February 13 – The 1980 Winter Olympics open in Lake Placid, New York.[10]
- February 15 – In Vanuatu, followers of John Frum's cargo cult on the island of Tanna declare secession as the nation of Tafea.
- February 16 – A total solar eclipse is seen in North Africa and West Asia. It was the 50th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130.
- February 22 – The US upset the USSR in the Olympics, a hockey game known as the Miracle on Ice. They then proceeded to defeat Finland to secure the first and only gold medal since 1960.
- February 23 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.
- February 25 – A coup in Suriname ousts the government of Henck Arron; leaders Dési Bouterse and Roy Horb replace it with a National Military Council.[11]
- February 27 – M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors.[12]
March
[edit]- March 1
- Steven Stayner returned home after being kidnapped for seven years, and brought a 5 year old, Timothy White (abduction victim), who had been kidnapped after Steven, to a police station to save him.
- The Commonwealth Trade Union Council is established.
- The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn.
- March 3 – Pierre Trudeau returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- March 4 – Robert Mugabe is elected Prime Minister of Zimbabwe.[13]
- March 8 – The Soviet Union's first rock music festival starts.
- March 14 – LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, Poland, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.[14]
- March 18 – Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
- March 19–20 – The MV Mi Amigo, the ship housing pirate radio station Radio Caroline, sinks off the English coast (the station returns aboard a new ship in 1983).
- March 21 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.[15]
- March 26 – A mine lift cage at the Vaal Reefs gold mine in South Africa falls 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi), killing 23 workers.[16]
- March 27 – The Norwegian oil platform Alexander L. Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212.[17]
- March 28 – The Talpiot Tomb is discovered by construction workers in Jerusalem.[18]
April
[edit]- April 1 – The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) is formed in Lusaka, Zambia.
- April 2 – The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.
- April 7 – The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions, following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
- April 10 – In Lisbon, Portugal, the governments of Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain (closed since 1969) in 1985.
- April 12
- 1980 Liberian coup d'état: Samuel K. Doe overthrows the government of Liberia in a violent coup d'état, executing President William Tolbert and ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country.
- Terry Fox begins his Marathon of Hope, a plan to run across Canada to raise money for cancer research, setting off from St. John's, Newfoundland and running westward.
- April 14 – Iron Maiden's debut self-titled album Iron Maiden is released in the U.K.
- April 18 – Zimbabwe gains de jure independence from the United Kingdom with Robert Mugabe as its first Prime Minister.
- April 24–25 – Operation Eagle Claw, a commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation.[19]
- April 25 – Dan-Air Flight 1008 crashes in Tenerife, killing all 146 occupants; at the time it was the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life.[20]
- April 26 – Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappear from outside their flat in St Kilda, Victoria, Australia.
- April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege in Colombia ends with all remaining hostages released after the guerrillas are allowed to escape to Cuba.
- April 30
- Iranian Embassy siege: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. SAS retakes the Embassy on May 5; one terrorist survives.
- Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates and her daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne.[21]
May
[edit]- May 1 – "About that Urban Renaissance...", an article by journalist Dan Rottenberg in Chicago, contains the first recorded use of the word "yuppie".[22]
- May 2 – Referendum on system of government held in Nepal.
- May 4 – Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito dies. The largest state funeral in history is organized, with state delegations from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.
- May 7 – Paul Geidel, convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, is released from prison in Beacon, New York, after 68 years and 245 days (the longest-ever time served by an inmate).
- May 8 – Global eradication of smallpox certified by the World Health Organization.
- May 9
- In Florida, United States, the Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay. A 1,400-foot (430 m) section of the bridge collapses and 35 people (most of them on a bus) are killed.[23]
- James Alexander George Smith "Jags" McCartney the Turks and Caicos Islands' first chief minister, is killed in a plane crash over New Jersey.
- May 14 – The Sumpul River massacre occurs in Chalatenango, El Salvador.
- May 17 – Internal conflict in Peru: On the eve of presidential elections, Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path attacks a polling location in the town of Chuschi, Ayacucho.
- May 18 – The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington (state) kills 57 and causes US$3 billion in damage.
- May 18–27 – Gwangju Uprising: Students in Gwangju, South Korea, begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms.
- May 20 – 1980 Quebec referendum: Voters in Quebec reject, by a vote of 60%, a proposal to seek independence from Canada.
- May 22 – Namco's Pac-Man, the highest-earning arcade game of all time, is released in Japan.
- May 24 – The International Court of Justice calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in Tehran.
- May 26
- May 28 – A fiery bus crash near the small village of Webb, Saskatchewan, Canada, claims 22 lives.[24]
June
[edit]- June 1 – The first 24-hour news channel, Cable News Network (CNN), is launched.
- June 3 – 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak: A series of deadly tornadoes strikes Grand Island, Nebraska, causing over $300m in damage, killing five people and injuring over 250.
- June 10 – Apartheid: The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a statement by their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.[25]
- June 23–September 6 – The 1980 United States heat wave claims 1,700 lives.
- June 23
- Sanjay Gandhi, the politically influential son of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, is killed in a plane crash.[26]
- Tim Berners-Lee begins work on ENQUIRE,[27] the system that will eventually lead to the creation of the World Wide Web in autumn 1990.
- June 25 – A Muslim Brotherhood assassination attempt against Syrian president Hafez al-Assad fails. Assad retaliates by sending the army against them.
- June 27
- Itavia Flight 870 crashes into the sea near Ustica island, Italy, killing all 81 people on board. The cause of the accident remains unclear.
- U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs Proclamation 4771, requiring 18- to 25-year-old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
- June 29 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland, making her the first woman democratically elected as head of state.
July
[edit]
- July 8 – A wave of strikes begins in Lublin, Poland.
- July 9 – Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd waiting to see him at afternoon Mass at the stadium in Fortaleza.
- July 16 – Former California Governor and actor Ronald Reagan is nominated for U.S. president, at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit. Influenced by the Religious Right, the convention also drops its long-standing support for the Equal Rights Amendment, dismaying moderate Republicans.
- July 19 – Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey.
- July 19–August 3 – The 1980 Summer Olympics are held in Moscow, Soviet Union. As 82 countries boycott the Games, athletes from 16 of them participate under a neutral flag.
- July 30
- Vanuatu gains independence.
- Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.
- ^ Suspension of United States Exports of High Technology and Grain to the Soviet Union: Hearings Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, to Assess the Effectiveness of Trade Measures ... U.S. Government Printing Office. 1980. pp. 30–.
- ^ [Anonymous AC00557303] (1980). 1980: 4; 1980 : An Encyclopedia of the Events of 1979. Grolier. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-7172-0211-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Charlton, Linda (November 1, 1984). "Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- ^ "Bullfight spectators die when bleachers collapse". history.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
- ^ "Gold Prices - 100 Year Historical Chart". www.macrotrends.net.
- ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs (1981). Human Rights in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union: Hearing and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on International Organizations... U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 84–.
- ^ "Egyptian History (Part 3)". OnThisDay.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ Arias, Arturo (2007). Taking Their Word: Literature and the Signs of Central America. University of Minnesota Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-8166-4849-8.
- ^ "The Investigations at a Glance; Origin Disclosure Results Inquiries Under Way". The New York Times. February 10, 1980.
- ^ "Lake Placid 1980 Olympic Winter Games". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ Peter Meel (1986). How to Get to Know the Caribbean: A Student's Guide. Department of Caribbean Studies, Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology. p. 49. ISBN 978-90-6718-012-2.
- ^ Patterns of International Terrorism, 1980: A Research Paper. National Foreign Assessment Center. 1981. p. 16.
- ^ "1980: Mugabe to lead independent Zimbabwe". BBC News. March 4, 1980. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-62 SP-LAA Warszawa-Okecie Airport (WAW)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on November 12, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
- ^ Tom Caraccioli; Jerry Caraccioli (2008). Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games. New Chapter Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-942257-40-3.
- ^ Reader's Digest Association (1981). Reader's Digest Almanac and Yearbook, 1981. Reader's Digest Association. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-89577-089-9.
- ^ Bignell, Victor (1984). Understanding systems failures. Manchester Dover, N.H: Manchester University Press in association with Open University. p. 79. ISBN 9780719009730.
- ^ Simcha Jacobovici; Charles R. Pellegrino (2008). The Jesus Family Tomb: The Discovery That Changes History Forever. HarperElement. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-00-724569-7.
- ^ Bowden, Mark (May 2006). "The Desert One Debacle". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
- ^ "Report No.8/1981 Report on the accident to Boeing 727, G-BDAN on Tenerife, Canary Islands, 25 April 1980" (PDF). Air Accidents Investigation Branch. July 1981. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
- ^ Who's who in European Institutions and Organizations. Who's Who, the International Red Series Verlag GmbH. 1982. p. 44.
- ^ "About That Urban Renaissance…". ChicagoMag.com. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1982. p. 125.
- ^ "The Telegram". www.TheTelegram.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
- ^ ANC.org.za Archived October 17, 1997, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Sethi, Sunil (January 22, 2014). "Sanjay Gandhi dies in a dramatic plane crash, his passing to leave a political vacuum". indiatoday. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
- ^ "Cern Authentication". ref.web.CERN.ch. Retrieved January 8, 2018.