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RAF Dishforth

Coordinates: 54°08′14″N 001°25′13″W / 54.13722°N 1.42028°W / 54.13722; -1.42028
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For the use of the facility by the British Army, see Dishforth Airfield.
RAF Dishforth
Dishforth, North Yorkshire in England
The control tower at former RAF Dishforth in 2007.
The air traffic control at former RAF Dishforth in 2007.
RAF Dishforth is located in North Yorkshire
RAF Dishforth
RAF Dishforth
Shown within North Yorkshire
Coordinates54°08′14″N 001°25′13″W / 54.13722°N 1.42028°W / 54.13722; -1.42028
Grid referenceSE380720
TypeRoyal Air Force flying station
Parent station 1936-43
61 Base Substation 1943-44
76 Base Substation[1]
CodeDH[1]
Area215 hectares
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Defence
OperatorRoyal Air Force
(1936–1943 and 1945–1992)
Royal Canadian Air Force
(1943–1945)
Controlled byRAF Bomber Command
* No. 4 Group RAF
* No. 6 Group RCAF
ConditionClosed
Site history
Built1935 (1935)/36
In useSeptember 1936 – 1992 (1992)
FateTransferred to the British Army's Army Air Corps and became Dishforth Airfield.
Battles/warsEuropean theatre of World War II
Cold War
Garrison information
Past
commanders
Airfield information
IdentifiersICAO: EGXD, WMO: 03261
Elevation36 metres (118 ft)[1] AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
10/28 1,362 metres (4,469 ft) Asphalt
15/33 1,858 metres (6,096 ft) Asphalt

Royal Air Force Dishforth or more simply RAF Dishforth is a former Royal Air Force station near Thirsk in North Yorkshire, England. Opened in 1936, the base was used as a bomber airfield during the Second World War with both British and Canadian squadrons flying missions from the airfield. After the war, the base was used by various squadrons and training units before being disposed of in 1992 and handed over to the Army Air Corps.

History

[edit]

The site at Dishforth was elected during the expansion period of the Royal Air Force in the 1930s. Named after the village of Dishforth, just to the north of the main runway, the base was opened in September 1936.[4] Just like RAF Leeming further north, the airfield was adjacent to the Great North Road (now the A1(M)), and even extended over the road for some of its dispersal areas in the late 1930s.[5] Five C-type hangars were built at the south-east boundary of the airfield, with the technical areas beyond the hangars.[6][4] The creation of hardstanding hangarage, and brick-built accommodation blocks and messes, made Dishforth a preferred posting over the wartime built airbases which operated mainly from Nissen huts (such as Dalton, Tholthorpe, and Wombleton).[7]

The first squadrons to arrive were No. 10 Sqn in January 1937, who immediately transferred from Handley Page Heyford aircraft to Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk 1 aircraft, and in February, No. 78 Sqn arrived, also with Heyfords, and were re-equipped with Whitleys in July of that same year.[8][6] It was the dispersals across the A1 road that the Whitleys of No. 78 Sqn were stored, with barriers having to be placed across the carriageway to allow the aircraft to move back and forth.[7]

When the Second World War started, No. 10 Sqn were engaged in leaflet dropping over Europe (known as Nickel raids, or Nickelling), whilst No. 78 Sqn in the pre-war period had been used to assimilate new crews fresh from training.[9] At this time, the base was under the command of No. 4 Group, and whilst some bombing raids did take place, the squadrons were mostly engaged in leaflet dropping, including one raid over Berlin which was a 1,000-mile (1,600 km) round trip.[10] In December 1939, No. 78 Squadron were sent to Linton-on-Ouse, and No. 51 Sqn moved in from Linton.[6] Both No. 10 and No. 78 Sqns were used on bombing raids in the early part of 1940 with sorties over Norway and over the Ruhr.[11]

In July 1940, No. 10 Sqn were transferred to RAF Leeming when it was opened, with an administrative detachment from No. 78 Sqn sent to Leeming as well to get the base up and running.[12] Dishforth was used by several squadrons from RAF Leeming during early 1941 for '"bombing-up purposes", as the airfield at Leeming was in the process of being concreted.[13] Later in 1940, No. 78 Sqn returned from Leeming, with No. 10 Sqn being posted out of Dishforth for Leeming, leaving No. 51 and No. 78 Sqns at Dishforth.[14]

Whitley V 78 Sqn in flight c1940

In February 1941, Whitleys from both squadrons took part in Operation Colossus, a commando raid on aqueducts in southern Italy.[15] The RAF at that time did not have any suitable aircraft to transport troops over such a long-distance, however, the range of the Whitleys, and their ventral (side) gun turret, which was easily adapted into a jumping position for troops, made it ideal for the task.[14] No. 12 (Blind Approach Training) Flight (later to become No. 1512 (Beam Approach Training) Flight) was formed at Dishforth in September 1941, flying Airspeed Oxfords.[16]

In April 1941, No. 78 Sqn was posted to RAF Middleton St George, leaving No. 51 Sqn as the only occupant. In the almost three-year tour that 51 Sqn performed at Dishforth, they flew 1,806 sorties, and lost 50 aircraft (an attrition rate of 2.8%).[10] In early 1942, the Whitleys of 51 Sqn took part in raid on a radar installation in Bruneval, and in Operation Chariot, the raid on St. Nazaire.[17][18] In June 1942, the first of the Royal Canadian Air Force squadrons, No. 425 (Alouette), was formed with Vickers Wellington aircraft. The squadron set about training and carried out their first raid on the night of the 5 and 6 October.[19] In the same month as No. 425 were undertaking their first operational missions, No. 426 (Thunderbird) Squadron was formed up at Dishforth, becoming operational in January 1943.[20][21]

In January 1943, Dishforth, along with ten other RAF airfields, was handed over from the RAF to the Royal Canadian Air Force (No. 4 Group RAF to No. 6 Group RCAF. Operations were concentrated at Leeming, Linton-on-Ouse and Middleton St George, with substations and the training bases being Topcliffe, Wombleton, Dalton and Dishforth, which had No. 1664 Heavy Conversion Unit.[22] Both Canadian squadrons moved out of Dishforth in 1943; 425 in May and 426 in June respectively, which allowed for the runway to be upgraded. The RCAF kept Dishforth as the training arm for its bomber squadrons and when the upgrade was complete in November 1943, No. 1664 HCU (Heavy Conversion Unit) was allocated to the base.[23]

In November 1944, the base was transferred into No. 7 Group, which had a responsibility for all the HCU stations.[24] With hostilities in Europe at an end, the base was transferred again to RAF Transport Command, and continued with its training role.[25] In November 1945, No. 1332 (Transport) Heavy Conversion Unit arrived from RAF Riccall, taking over training for long-haul transport routes and taking the aircraft form the existing HCUs at Dishforth.[25]

Post war

[edit]

Dishforth continued in the training role for transport aircraft after the war, and in 1956, No. 215 Sqn reformed at Dishforth with Scottish Aviation Pioneer aircraft, later disbanding at Dishforth in September 1958 to become No. 230 Sqn.[26][27][28] In 1954, the base was initially approved for use in the PGM-17 Thor missile programme, but it never became one of the operational stations.[29] In early 1962, No. 242 OCU was moved to Thorney Island and the base was put under a care and maintenance programme. Various aircraft from Leeming and Linton-on-Ouse used the airfield as a Relief Landing Ground (RLG), and the buildings were converted for use by the local police forces.[30]

In 1992, the base was handed over to the Army Air Corps as Dishforth Airfield.[31]

Badge and motto

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The station badge features a white pack horse representing the transport nature of the base (post World War II), the horse is modelled on the White Horse of Kilburn, a nearby geographical feature in the Hambleton Hills.[32] The station motto was Par Oneri (Latin: Equal to the task).[33]

Incidents

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  • 13 September 1955—Hastings TG584 lost control attempting to overshoot at RAF Dishforth and crashed; five died.[34][35]

Notable personnel

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Based units

[edit]
Squadron/Unit Dates Posted from Posted to Notes Ref
No. 4 Group Practice Flight July – September 1937 [39]
No. 6 Group Communication Flight December 1942 – July 1945 Reformed and disbanded at Dishforth [40]
No. 10 Sqn January 1937 – July 1940 RAF Boscombe Down RAF Leeming [41]
No. 12 (BAT) Flight September – October 1941 Formed and disbanded at Dishforth [42]
No. 30 Sqn April 1953 – November 1959 RAF Benson RAF Eastleigh [43]
No. 47 Sqn September 1948 – August 1949 RAF Fairford RAF Topcliffe [44]
No. 51 Sqn December 1939 – October 1942 RAF Linton-on-Ouse RAF Snaith [44]
No. 78 Sqn February 1937 – December 1939 RAF Boscombe Down RAF Linton-on-Ouse [45]
No. 78 Sqn July 1940 – April 1941 RAF Linton-on-Ouse RAF Middleton St George [45]
No. 215 Sqn April 1954 – September 1958 Reformed and disbanded at Dishforth (to become No. 230 Sqn) [26][27][28]
No. 230 Sqn September 1958 – November 1958 RAF Nicosia Formed at Dishforth [46][47]
No. 242 Operational Conversion Unit April 1951 – January 1962 RAF Thorney Island Formed at Dishforth by merging No. 240 and 241 OCUs [48][49]
No. 297 Sqn November 1948 – August 1949 RAF Fairford RAF Topcliffe [50]
No. 425 Squadron June 1942 – May 1943 Telergma (North Africa) Formed at Dishforth [51]
No. 426 Squadron October 1942 – June 1943 RAF Linton-on-Ouse Formed at Dishforth [52]
No. 1332 (Transport) Heavy Conversion Unit November 1945 – January 1948 RAF Riccall Disbanded at Dishforth to form No. 241 OCU [25][53]
No. 1512 (BAT) Flight October 1941 – February 1942 RAF Banff Formed at Dishforth from No. 12 (BAT) Flight [54][55][56]
No. 1659 Conversion Unit July 1944 [57]
No. 1664 Heavy Conversion Unit December 1943 – April 1955 RAF Croft Disbanded at Dishforth [56][58]

References

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Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Falconer 2012, p. 80.
  2. ^ a b Rees-Mogg, William, ed. (4 January 1978). "Air Marshal Sir Tim Piper". The Times. No. 60201. p. 14. ISSN 0140-0460.
  3. ^ Halpenny 1982, pp. 61–62.
  4. ^ a b Delve 2006, p. 99.
  5. ^ Jacobs 2021, p. 127.
  6. ^ a b c Halpenny 1982, p. 58.
  7. ^ a b Otter 1998, p. 80.
  8. ^ Dawson, Geoffrey, ed. (5 November 1936). "Royal Air Force". The Times. No. 47524. p. 26. ISSN 0140-0460.
  9. ^ Jacobs 2021, pp. 127–128.
  10. ^ a b Delve 2006, p. 100.
  11. ^ Otter 1998, p. 82.
  12. ^ Coupland 1997, pp. 1, 3–4.
  13. ^ Coupland 1997, p. 12.
  14. ^ a b Otter 1998, p. 83.
  15. ^ Paterson, Lawrence (2020). Operation Colossus : the first British airborne raid of World War II. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-78438-378-7.
  16. ^ Lake 1999, pp. 38, 92.
  17. ^ Jacobs 2021, p. 130.
  18. ^ Otter 1998, p. 85.
  19. ^ Jacobs 2021, p. 131.
  20. ^ Halpenny 1982, p. 59.
  21. ^ Otter 1998, p. 86.
  22. ^ Coupland 1997, pp. 24–25.
  23. ^ Otter 1998, pp. 86–87.
  24. ^ Richards, Denis; Saunders, Hilary St George (1975). Royal Air Force, 1939-1945; The Fight is Won. London: H.M.S.O. p. 19. ISBN 0117715921.
  25. ^ a b c Halpenny 1982, p. 61.
  26. ^ a b Delve 2006, p. 103.
  27. ^ a b Jefford 2001, p. 74.
  28. ^ a b Lake 1999, p. 241.
  29. ^ Cocroft, Wayne; Thomas, Roger J C (2003). Cold war : building for nuclear confrontation 1946-1989. Swindon: English Heritage. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-873592-81-6.
  30. ^ Halpenny 1982, pp. 63–64.
  31. ^ Delve 2006, p. 102.
  32. ^ "RAF Dishforth | RAF Heraldry Trust". rafht.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  33. ^ Pine, L. G (1983). A Dictionary of mottoes. London: Routledge & K. Paul. p. 166. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
  34. ^ Haley, William, ed. (14 September 1955). "Five killed in air crash". The Times. No. 53325. p. 8. ISSN 0140-0460.
  35. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Handley Page Hastings C.1 TG584 Dishforth RAF Station". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  36. ^ Halpenny 1982, pp. 58–59.
  37. ^ Halpenny 1982, p. 61-62.
  38. ^ Thomson, Robert, ed. (13 September 2007). "Group Captain Willie Tait". The Times. No. 69116. p. 71. ISSN 0140-0460.
  39. ^ Lake 1999, p. 118.
  40. ^ Lake 1999, p. 120.
  41. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 30.
  42. ^ Lake 1999, p. 38.
  43. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 38.
  44. ^ a b Jefford 2001, p. 44.
  45. ^ a b Jefford 2001, p. 51.
  46. ^ Lake 1999, p. 244.
  47. ^ Lake 1999, p. 77.
  48. ^ Delve, Ken (2005). Southern England : Kent, Hampshire, Surrey, Sussex. Ramsbury: Crowood Press. p. 232. ISBN 1861267290.
  49. ^ Lake 1999, p. 144.
  50. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 86.
  51. ^ Jacobs 2021, p. 136.
  52. ^ "426 Squadron". ibccdigitalarchive.lincoln.ac.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  53. ^ Lake 1999, p. 53.
  54. ^ Otter 1998, p. 87.
  55. ^ Lake 1999, p. 92.
  56. ^ a b Delve 2006, p. 101.
  57. ^ Delve, Ken (2005). Bomber Command 1939-1945 : a reference to the men - aircraft & operational history. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Aviation. p. 193. ISBN 1-84415-183-2.
  58. ^ Lake 1999, p. 55.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Coupland, Peter (1997). Straight and true : a history of Royal Air Force Leeming. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-569-1.
  • Delve, Ken (2006). Northern England : Co. Durham, Cumbria, Isle of Man, Lancashire, Merseyside, Manchester, Northumberland, Tyne & Wear, Yorkshire. Ramsbury: Crowood. ISBN 1-86126-809-2.
  • Falconer, J. (2012). RAF Airfields of World War 2. UK: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85780-349-5.
  • Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore (1982). Action stations 4: military airfields of Yorkshire. Wellingborough: Stephens. ISBN 0-85059-532-0.
  • Jacobs, Peter (2021). Bomber Command Airfields of Yorkshire. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-78346-331-2.
  • Jefford, C. G. (2001). RAF squadrons : a comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912 (2 ed.). Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
  • Lake, Alan (1999). Flying units of the RAF : the ancestry, formation and disbandment of all flying units from 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife. ISBN 1-84037-086-6.
  • Otter, Patrick (1998). Yorkshire airfields in the Second World War. Newbury: Countryside Books. ISBN 1-85306-542-0.
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