Jezebel (1938 film)

Jezebel
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	William Wyler
Written by	Clements Ripley Abem Finkel John Huston
Based on	Jezebel 1933 play by Owen Davis
Produced by	William Wyler
Starring	Bette Davis Henry Fonda George Brent Margaret Lindsay Donald Crisp Fay Bainter Richard Cromwell Henry O'Neill Spring Byington John Litel
Cinematography	Ernest Haller
Edited by	Warren Low
Music by	Max Steiner
Production company	Warner Bros.
Distributed by	Warner Bros.
Release dates	March 10, 1938 (1938-03-10) (New York) March 26, 1938 (1938-03-26)
Running time	103 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$1.25 million

Jezebel is a 1938 American romantic drama film released by Warner Bros. and directed by William Wyler.

It stars Bette Davis and Henry Fonda, supported by George Brent, Margaret Lindsay, Donald Crisp, Richard Cromwell and Fay Bainter. The film was adapted by Clements Ripley, Abem Finkel, John Huston and Robert Buckner from the 1933 play by Owen Davis Sr.

The film tells the story of a headstrong, young woman during the antebellum period whose actions cost her the man she loves.

In 2009, Jezebel was included in the annual selection of 25 motion pictures added to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically or aesthetically" significant and recommended for preservation.

Plot

Fonda and Davis in a trailer for the film.

Julie waiting to see Pres on his return from the North.

In 1852 New Orleans, spoiled, strong-willed belle Julie Marsden is engaged to banker Preston "Pres" Dillard. In retaliation for Pres refusing to leave an important business meeting to accompany her to the last fitting of her ball gown, Julie buys a brazen red satin dress. The Olympus Ball is the most important social event of the year, and unmarried women are expected to wear virginal white. All of Julie's friends are shocked by her choice of red, but no one can dissuade her from wearing it.

At the ball, Julie's attire is met with shock and disgust by all. She begs Pres to take her away, but instead he forces her to dance with him while the other couples abandon the floor. Pres later leaves Julie, implicitly breaking their engagement. In a final act of spite, Julie slaps him in the face. He later goes north on business, and Julie secludes herself at home.

A year later, Pres returns, and Julie comes back to life. She plans a celebratory homecoming party in his honor and prepares to humble herself before him. What Julie does not know is that Pres is accompanied by his new wife Amy. Stung, Julie prods her longtime admirer, skilled duelist Buck Cantrell, to quarrel with Pres. The scheme goes awry as Pres's brother Ted is goaded into challenging Buck. Julie tries to get Buck to skip the duel, but to no avail. To everyone's surprise, it is Buck who is killed.

In the meantime, a deadly yellow fever epidemic breaks out in New Orleans. The people fight it with cannon and smoke. They believe the fever is highly contagious, and a rigid quarantine mandates that those trying to escape the city be shot. Pres is stricken and is ordered to be sent to the leper colony on Lazaret Island. Julie sneaks into the city to nurse Pres. Later, the family arrives, having been granted a pass to enter New Orleans.

When the leper wagon comes to pick up Pres, his wife Amy begs to accompany him, but Julie tells her that she is too unfamiliar with Southern culture to be able to deal with the desperate conditions and people there. Julie begs to go in her place to try to redeem herself. Before agreeing, Amy asks if Pres still loves Julie.

Julie declares that he loves only his wife. Amy blesses them, and Julie accompanies Pres on a wagon loaded with other victims and caregivers.

Cast

	Bette Davis as Julie Marsden		Henry Fonda as Preston Dillard
	George Brent as Buck Cantrell		Donald Crisp as Dr. Livingstone
	Fay Bainter as Aunt Belle Massey

• Margaret Lindsay as Amy Bradford Dillard
• Richard Cromwell as Ted Dillard
• Henry O'Neill as General Theophilus Bogardus
• Spring Byington as Mrs. Kendrick
• John Litel as Jean La Cour
• Gordon Oliver as Dick Allen
• Janet Shaw as Molly Allen
• Theresa Harris as Zette
• Margaret Early as Stephanie Kendrick
• Irving Pichel as Huger
• Eddie Anderson as Gros Bat
• Matthew "Stymie" Beard as Ti Bat (credited as Stymie Beard)
• Lew Payton as Uncle Cato
• George Renavant as De Lautruc
• Ann Codee as Mme. Poullard (uncredited)
• Stuart Holmes as Doctor at Duel (uncredited)

Background

Turner Classic Movies states that the lead role was offered as compensation for Bette Davis after she failed to win the part of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939), but David O. Selznick never seriously considered her for it. Jezebel was her second Best Actress Oscar win after winning for Dangerous three years earlier.

Selznick reportedly hired Max Steiner to score Gone with the Wind on the strength of his work on Jezebel.

Warner Bros. originally sought to cast Cary Grant for the role of Preston Dillard, but the studio balked at his salary demand of $75,000 and cast Henry Fonda.

Reception

Bette Davis in the titular role

Contemporary reviews were generally positive and praised Davis' performance, but some found her character's redemption at the end of the film to be unconvincing.

The movie premiered at the Radio City Music Hall, and Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times wrote that the film "would have been considerably more effective...if its heroine had remained unregenerate to the end. Miss Davis can be malignant when she chooses, and it is a shame to temper that gift for feminine spite...It is still an interesting film, though, in spite of our sniffs at its climax."

Variety reported that the film was "not without its charm" and "even completely captivating" at times, but found it detracting that the main character "suddenly metamorphoses into a figure of noble sacrifice and complete contriteness" and described the ending as "rather suspended and confusing."

Film Daily called it "a really outstanding screen triumph for Bette Davis. She plays an emotional role that calls for running the gamut of emotions, and she handles the part with consummate artistry."

Harrison's Reports called it "Powerful dramatic entertainment...It is not what one would call cheerful entertainment, and may not appeal to the rank and file, but it should please those who like good acting."

John Mosher of The New Yorker wrote "Something went wrong with 'Jezebel,' possibly nothing more than the plot, and all its rich dressing-up can't make it alive...no scene quite comes off, and at the end, when the she-devil suddenly turns into a saint and a martyr, one isn't even interested. This Jezebel just seems daffy."

The film has scored positive reviews in later years, and it has a 94% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Accolades

Bette Davis in Jezebel

Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
Academy Awards	Outstanding Production	Warner Bros.	Nominated
	Best Actress	Bette Davis	Won
	Best Supporting Actress	Fay Bainter	Won
	Best Cinematography	Ernest Haller	Nominated
	Best Scoring	Max Steiner	Nominated
National Board of Review Awards	Top Ten Films		8th Place
National Film Preservation Board	National Film Registry		Inducted
Venice International Film Festival	Mussolini Cup (Best Foreign Film)	William Wyler	Nominated
	Special Recommendation		Won

• In 2002, the film ranked #79 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions.

See also

• List of American films of 1938

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507678-8..

External links

• Jezebel essay by Gabriel Miller on the National Film Registry
• Jezebel essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy, 2009-2010: A Viewer's Guide to the 50 Landmark Movies Added to the National Film Registry in 2009–2010, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2011, ISBN 1441120025 pages 56–59
• Jezebel at the TCM Movie Database
• Jezebel at AllMovie
• Jezebel at IMDb
• Jezebel at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
• Jezebel at Rotten Tomatoes
• Jezebel review and information in cosmopolis.ch