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Grand Traverse Bay

Coordinates: 45°04′N 85°29′W / 45.06°N 85.48°W / 45.06; -85.48
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This article is about the bay of Lake Michigan. For similarly named bays, see Traverse Bay.

Grand Traverse Bay
East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay
East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay looking west from Elk Rapids toward Old Mission Peninsula
Grand Traverse Bay is located in Michigan
Grand Traverse Bay
Grand Traverse Bay
Location within the state of Michigan
LocationAntrim, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse, and Leelanau counties, Michigan, U.S.
Coordinates45°04′N 85°29′W / 45.06°N 85.48°W / 45.06; -85.48
TypeBay[1]
Part ofLake Michigan
Primary inflowsBoardman River, Elk River
Surface elevation581 feet (177 m)[1]
IslandsBellow Island, Power Island
SettlementsElk Rapids, Suttons Bay, Traverse City

Grand Traverse Bay (/ˈtrævərs/ TRAV-ərss) is an arm of Lake Michigan, located along the west coast of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The bay is separated from the rest of Lake Michigan by the Leelanau Peninsula. The bay is some 32 miles (51 km) long, ranges from 7 to 10 miles (11 to 16 km) wide, and up to 620 feet (190 m) deep in spots. It is the second-largest bay of Lake Michigan, behind Green Bay.

Grand Traverse Bay is further divided into an East Arm and West Arm by the 18-mile-long (29 km) Old Mission Peninsula.[2] At the head of both arms of the bay is Traverse City, the largest city in Northern Michigan. The area surrounding the bay is renowned for its fruit production, especially for cherries and viticulture.[3]

The bay is located within parts of the Michigan counties of Antrim, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse, and Leelanau.

Close-up satellite view of the Grand Traverse Bay, oriented with north at the top. Note the East and West arms of the bay, divided by the Old Mission Peninsula.
The Grand Traverse Lighthouse at the tip of the Leelanau Peninsula, which anchors the bay to the west.
Power Island is the largest island in the bay, seen here from Chateau Chantal on the Old Mission Peninsula

Etymology

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Grand Traverse Bay earned its name from 18th-century French voyageurs who made la grande traverse,[a] or "the long crossing", across the mouth of bay. The area was owned by the French, followed by Great Britain as the Province of Quebec. After 1776, the area was owned by the Americans.[5] On Old Mission peninsula, Rev Peter Dougherty started the first permanent settlement in 1839. This was called "Grand Traverse",[6] but was later renamed to Old Mission.

West Grand Traverse Bay from Traverse City, facing Greilickville.
An inferior mirage over the bay

Geography

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Traverse City is situated at the south end of the bay where the Boardman River empties into the west arm. Cherry orchards line the bay region, giving rise to Traverse City's claim to be the Cherry Capital of the World. Several nationally known companies offer cherry-based products made with Northern Michigan tart cherries including Traverse Bay Farms, Cherry Central, Fruit Advantage, American Spoon, Cherry Republic and Old Mission Traders (formerly Cherry Stop). The region is the center of cherry production in Michigan.

The most notable feature of the bay is that it is bisected into East[7] and West[8] arms by the Old Mission Peninsula. In addition, Grand Traverse is divided further into several important smaller bays, including Northport Bay, Suttons Bay, Omena Bay, Bowers Harbor, and Old Mission Bay. Northport Bay, located at the northwest corner of Grand Traverse Bay is about 10 mi (16 km) long and 4 miles (6.4 km) wide. Northport Bay open to the east, except inside the arms at each end, with the Leelanau Peninsula on the West side. There are several shoals in Northport Bay marked by buoys. Bellow Island, a low gravel island covered by shrubs and located near the middle of Northport Bay, is owned by the Nature Conservancy; it is primarily known as a bird rookery, and is sometimes locally called Gull Island.

There are several marinas on the bay, including the large marinas in Northport, Greilickville, Traverse City, and Elk Rapids.

Communities

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Antrim County

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Charlevoix County

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Grand Traverse County

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Leelanau County

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Arms and nested bays

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The Grand Traverse Bay is divided by the Old Mission Peninsula into two arms:

East Arm

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The East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay (colloquially known as "East Bay") is the deeper of the two arms. The arm is flanked to the west by the Old Mission Peninsula, the south and southeast by mainland Grand Traverse County, and to the east by southwestern Antrim County. The arm's primary inflow is the Elk River, which drains the Chain of Lakes.

West Arm

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The West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay (colloquially known as "West Bay") is the shallower and more urbanized of the two arms. The urban core of Traverse City is located at the head of the West Arm. The arm is flanked to the west by the Leelanau Peninsula, and to the east by the Old Mission Peninsula. Power Island is located within the West Arm. The primary inflow of the West Arm is the Boardman River.

Nested bays

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Islands

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Culture

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Besides cherries, the surrounding countryside produces grapes and is one of the centers of the Michigan wine industry. Known for its shimmering blue water and golden sand beaches, the Grand Traverse Bay region is a popular vacation destination.

In September 2007, Mark Holley, an underwater archeologist with the Grand Traverse Bay Underwater Preserve Council who teaches at Northwestern Michigan College in Traverse City, said that they might have discovered a boulder 3.5 to 4 feet (1.1 to 1.2 m) high by 5 feet (1.5 m) long) with a prehistoric carving in the Grand Traverse Bay.[15] The granite rock has markings that resemble a mastodon with a spear in its side. Confirmation that the markings are an ancient petroglyph will require more evidence.[16] The stone can be seen in a TV documentary,[17] and is pictured on page 9 of New Scientist Magazine of July 19, 2008.

Shipwrecks

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TS State of Michigan at the Great Lakes Maritime Academy in Traverse City, on the shore of the bay

The Grand Traverse Bay is home to the following shipwrecks:[18]

  • A.J. Rogers
  • Metropolis
  • Shale Scow
  • Yuba Wreck
  • Tramp
  • Elmwood
  • Nyord
  • Barge
  • Flora [19]

Notes

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  1. ^ In modern standard French, traverse no longer has the sense of 'crossing'—which is now traversée.[4]

References

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  1. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Grand Traverse Bay
  2. ^ "Things to Do on Old Mission Peninsula: The Ultimate Pure Michigan Guide". Pure Michigan | Official Travel & Tourism Website for Michigan. September 27, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
  3. ^ "Fruit". project.geo.msu.edu. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  4. ^ "traverse" (in French). Centre national de ressources textuelles.
  5. ^ "Grand Traverse Bay". Michigan Historical Markers. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
  6. ^ Norton, Mike (April 15, 2014). "Exploring the Past in Historic Traverse City".
  7. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Grand Traverse Bay
  8. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Grand Traverse Bay
  9. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  10. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  11. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  12. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  13. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  14. ^ "Geographic Names Information System". edits.nationalmap.gov. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  15. ^ ""Stonehenge" Lake Michigan by Dr. Mark Holley – Dr Mark Holley – Underwater Archaeologist". Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  16. ^ Flesher, John (September 4, 2007). "Possible mastodon carving found on rock". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 4, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  17. ^ "Video of Underwater Lake Michigan – Dr Mark Holley – Underwater Archaeologist". Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  18. ^ "Grand Traverse Bay Underwater Preserve". www.michiganpreserves.org. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  19. ^ "George N. Fletcher Public Library". www.alpenalibrary.org. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Grand Traverse Bay Area.
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