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Values Party

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Values Party
FounderTony Brunt
Founded30 May 1972[1]
Dissolved1990
Succeeded byGreen Party
IdeologyEnvironmentalism
Progressivism
Colours  Green

The Values Party was a New Zealand political party. It is considered the world's first national-level environmentalist party,[1][2] pre-dating the use of "Green" as a political label. It was established in May 1972 at Victoria University of Wellington. Its first leader was Tony Brunt, and Geoff Neill, the party's candidate in the Dunedin North electorate, became the Deputy Leader.[3]

Policies and beliefs

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Values Party at the 1979 and 1981 Nambassa alternatives festival.

Several party manifestos sketched a progressive, semi-utopian blueprint for New Zealand's future as an egalitarian, ecologically sustainable society. The party appealed especially to those elements of the New Left who felt alienated by the small Marxist–Leninist parties of the day, and by the centre-left politics of the New Zealand Labour Party. From its beginning, the Values Party emphasised proposing alternative policies, rather than taking only an oppositionist stance to the ruling parties.[4]

Values Party policies included campaigns against nuclear power and armaments, advocating zero-population and -economic growth, abortion, drug and homosexual law-reform. Although the Values Party never sat in parliament, it drew considerable attention to these topics. Many political scientists[which?] credit the Values Party with making the environment a political issue, and with prompting other parties – even the German Greens – to formulate their own environmental policies.[5]

Origins and organisation

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The initial idea for a new New Zealand political party came in 1972 when Tony Brunt, then a political student at Victoria University, was reflecting on his own research into the Club of Rome's The Limits to Growth and Charles Reich's The Greening of America (among other publications). Brunt saw the potential for a new constituency driven by a new set of social and environmental values.[6] Brunt met with his ex-New Zealand Herald colleague Norman Smith who immediately became the party's "1st hand man" and organiser.[5] "The media experience of Brunt and Smith stood them in good stead when it came to publicising the new party, and a former colleague on the New Zealand Herald, Alison Webber founded the Auckland branch."[6]

Values Party contestation of elections

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The Values Party contested six general elections in 1972, 1975, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 1987. Despite strong showings in 1975 and 1978 it did not gain seats under the first-past-the-post electoral system in use at that time. It did however manage to get some candidates elected to local government. The first, Helen Smith of Titahi Bay, joined the Porirua City Council in 1973.[7][dead link] The following year party leader Tony Brunt was elected as a Wellington City Councillor and was re-elected in 1977.[8] Mike Ward was a Nelson City Councillor from 1983 to 1989 under a Values banner.[9] Jon Mayson, a party co-leader in the 1980s, was elected a member of the Bay of Plenty Harbour Board on a Values Party ticket.[10]

Under the leadership of polytechnic economics lecturer Tony Kunowski and deputy leader Margaret Crozier, the Values Party contested the 1978 general election with a considerable following, but again failed to win seats in parliament. Most probably this was mainly because voters at that time were more concerned about rapidly rising unemployment than anything else. The idea of an ecological "zero growth" society envisaged by Values Party members had met with the economic reality of near-zero GDP growth, high price-inflation, and an investment strike by business. Although gaining fewer votes than the New Zealand Labour Party, Robert Muldoon's National Party, which promised to create many more jobs by borrowing foreign funds to build large infrastructural projects (the so-called "Think Big" strategy, developing oil, gas, coal and electricity resources), was returned to government at the 1978 election. In the late 1970s the German Green Party wrote to the Values Party stating "we like your manifesto, can we use your policy?"[5]

Electoral results

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Election candidates seats won votes percentage
1972 42 0 27,467 1.96
1975 87 0 83,241 5.19
1978 92 0 41,220 2.41
1981 17 0  3,460 0.19
1984 29 0  3,826 0.20
1987 9 0  1,624 0.08

Decline of the party

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After the demoralising 1978 election result, the Values Party faced internal conflict between the "red" greens and the "fundamentalist" greens, and it fragmented amidst quarrels about organisational principles. Kunowski was ousted as party leader following the 1978 election leading him to pursue a career as a banker. He later joined the Labour Party and was elected to the Canterbury Regional Council on the Labour ticket.[11] In May 1979 Margaret Crozier became the leader with Cathy Wilson as deputy leader; it was the first time women had led a political party in New Zealand.[12][3][13]

In November 1980 Crozier stated she would resign as leader at the 1981 party conference, citing disagreements and instability in the party.[14] At the April 1981 conference, delegates elected a three-way leadership with a "troika" of co-leaders. Janet Roborgh, Jon Mayson and Alan Wilkinson.[15] The leadership reduced to two at the 1984 conference with Mayson and Wilkinson standing down and Mike Ward being elected alongside Roborgh.[16] Roborgh resigned at the 1988 conference and was replaced by Rosalie Steward, previously Values candidate for West Coast.[17]

By 1987 Values were using the description of the "Green Party of Aotearoa" and were increasingly advocating for proportional representation.[18]

In July 1989 the ruling council of the party agreed in principle to wind up the party and balloted its 200 remaining members for approval.[19] However in May 1990, remnants of the Values Party merged with several other environmentalist organisations to form the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand,[20] which entered parliament in 1996[21] and formed part of the Government in 2017.[22] Many former members of the Values Party became active in the Green Party – notably Jeanette Fitzsimons, Rod Donald and Mike Ward.

Party leadership

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Another Values Party logo
Leaders
Co-leaders

References

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  1. ^ a b Barry, John; Frankland, E. Gene (2014). International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics. Routledge. p. 461. ISBN 978-1-13555-396-8.
  2. ^ "History | Green Party of Canada". www.greenparty.ca. The first national green party in the world, the Values Party, was started in the early 1970s in New Zealand.
  3. ^ a b Dann, Christine (1999). "From Earth's last islands: The development of the first two Green parties in Tasmania and New Zealand". Global Greens. Lincoln University. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014. In June 1972 Geoff Neill, a PhD student and an assistant lecturer in economics and industrial relations, wrote to introduce himself. He had read an article about Values in the Otago University student paper, critic, and thought he could get support for Values in Dunedin from disillusioned Labourites and younger people. Before too long he had been made Deputy Leader and was writing to advise on the content of the manifesto.
  4. ^ Rosalie Steward. Politics in New Zealand from Beginning to Breakthrough, Synthesis/Regeneration 13 (Spring 1997).
  5. ^ a b c Values Party Founding 40th Anniversary, Wellington 1 June 2012, 15 May 2017, retrieved 16 September 2022
  6. ^ a b "The development of the first two Green parties New Zealand and Tasmania – Sotto le querce". sottolequerce.altervista.org. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  7. ^ New Zealand election results
  8. ^ "New Councillor". The Evening Post. 16 October 1974.
  9. ^ Neal, Tracy (9 September 2010). "Because they asked: a fourth bid to be mayor". The Nelson Mail. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  10. ^ "The Management Interview: Jon Mayson – Leading with heart and soul". New Zealand Management. 31 October 2002. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Canterbury Regional Council". The Press. 12 October 1992. p. 4.
  12. ^ Collins, Simon (12 May 1979). "Values' Top Man Ousted". The Evening Post. p. 1.
  13. ^ Carlyon, Jenny; Morrow, Diana (2013). Changing times : New Zealand since 1945. Auckland: Auckland University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-86940-782-7.
  14. ^ "Leader to resign". The Press. 25 November 1980. p. 3.
  15. ^ "Values elects troika". The Press. 20 April 1981. p. 1.
  16. ^ "Values to form alliance?". The Press. 27 August 1984. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Values leader change". The Press. 11 April 1988. p. 6.
  18. ^ "Values nominates two candidates". The Press. 29 June 1987. p. 4.
  19. ^ Stone, Andrew (24 July 1989). "Ruling council of Values Party agrees to call it a day". The New Zealand Herald. p. 3.
  20. ^ "Greens merge". Auckland Star. 28 May 1990. p. A3.
  21. ^ White, Mike (30 May 2017). "Are the Greens still scary? A political power comes of age". North & South. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  22. ^ Phipps, Claire (19 October 2017). "Jacinda Ardern is next prime minister of New Zealand, Winston Peters confirms – as it happened". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.

Further reading

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