Albert Sarraut
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Albert Sarraut | |
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Prime Minister of France | |
In office 24 January 1936 – 4 June 1936 | |
President | Albert Lebrun |
Preceded by | Pierre Laval |
Succeeded by | Léon Blum |
In office 26 October 1933 – 26 November 1933 | |
President | Albert Lebrun |
Preceded by | Édouard Daladier |
Succeeded by | Camille Chautemps |
Governor-General of French Indochina | |
In office 15 November 1911 – 22 November 1913 | |
Preceded by | Paul Louis Luce |
Succeeded by | Joost van Vollenhoven |
In office 22 January 1917 – 9 December 1919 | |
Preceded by | Jean-François dit Eugène Charles |
Succeeded by | Maurice Antoine François Monguillot |
Personal details | |
Born | 28 July 1872 Bordeaux, Gironde, France |
Died | 26 November 1962 Paris, France | (aged 90)
Political party | Radical |
Albert-Pierre Sarraut (French: [albɛʁ saʁo]; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic.
Biography
[edit]Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France.
On 14 March 1907 Sarraut, Senator of Aude and Under-Secretary of State for the Interior, was ridiculed by Clemenceau for trying to plead the case of his electorate during the revolt of the Languedoc winegrowers. Clemenceau told Sarraut, "I know the South, it will all end with a banquet".[1] After massive demonstrations in the winegrowing region in June 1907 Clemenceau asked Sarraut to bring the leader Ernest Ferroul to the negotiating table. Ferroul told him: "When we have three million men behind us, we do not negotiate".[2] From 17 June 1907 the Midi was occupied by 22 regiments of infantry and 12 regiments of cavalry.[3] The gendarmerie was ordered to imprison the leaders of the demonstrations. Sarraut refused to endorse this policy and resigned from the government.[1]
He was Governor-General of French Indochina, from 1912 to 1914 and from 1917 to 1919. Although Sarraut was celebrated for native education reform, his motivation was an example of paternalism. He believed that the Vietnamese could not be civilized until their thinking, customs and institutions mirrored those of the French. According to Hue Tam Ho Tai, if Sarraut's argument was carried to its logical conclusion, the Vietnamese, she writes, would "deserve independence from French rule only when they no longer desired to be Vietnamese, but Frenchmen in yellow skin."[4] Albert Sarraut supported actively the preservation and development of native arts, for instance supporting the French art scholar George Groslier in preserving Cambodian arts and cultural traditions, and funding the design and construction of the National Museum of Cambodia. On 18 January 1920 he replaced Henry Simon as Minister of the Colonies.
Acting as Minister of the Interior for the Édouard Daladier run government, Sarrault became increasingly concerned with what he considered a flood of Spanish refugees fleeing the Francoist regime during the Spanish Civil War. In April 1938 Sarrault released a statement calling for the "methodical, energetic and prompt action to rid our country of the too numerous undesirable elements".[5]
On 10 July 1940, Sarraut voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided over by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. Thereafter Sarraut retired from politics. He took control of the family newspaper, La Dépêche de Toulouse, after the editor, his brother Maurice Sarraut, was killed by the Milice in 1943.
Sarraut died in Paris on 26 November 1962. The Lycée Albert Sarraut in Hanoi was named after him.
Sarraut's First Ministry, 26 October – 26 November 1933
[edit]- Albert Sarraut – President of the Council and Minister of Marine
- Albert Dalimier – Vice President of the Council and Minister of Justice
- Joseph Paul-Boncour – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Édouard Daladier – Minister of War
- Camille Chautemps – Minister of the Interior
- Georges Bonnet – Minister of Finance
- Abel Gardey – Minister of Budget
- Eugène Frot – Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions
- Jacques Stern – Minister of Merchant Marine
- Pierre Cot – Minister of Air
- Anatole de Monzie – Minister of National Education
- Hippolyte Ducos – Minister of Pensions
- Henri Queuille – Minister of Agriculture
- François Piétri – Minister of Colonies
- Joseph Paganon – Minister of Public Works
- Émile Lisbonne – Minister of Public Health
- Jean Mistler – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Laurent Eynac – Minister of Commerce and Industry
Sarraut's Second Ministry, 24 January – 4 June 1936
[edit]- Albert Sarraut – President of the Council and Minister of the Interior
- Pierre Étienne Flandin – Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Louis Maurin – Minister of War
- Marcel Régnier – Minister of Finance
- Ludovic-Oscar Frossard – Minister of Labour
- Léon Bérard – Minister of Justice
- François Piétri – Minister of Marine
- Louis de Chappedelaine – Minister of Merchant Marine
- Marcel Déat – Minister of Air
- Henri Guernut – Minister of National Education
- René Besse – Minister of Pensions
- Paul Thellier – Minister of Agriculture
- Jacques Stern – Minister of Colonies
- Camille Chautemps – Minister of Public Works
- Louis Nicolle – Minister of Public Health and Physical Education
- Georges Mandel – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones
- Georges Bonnet – Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Joseph Paul-Boncour – Minister of State and Permanent Delegate to the League of Nations
References
[edit]- ^ a b Bon.
- ^ Ferré 2007.
- ^ Castillon 2007.
- ^ Hue Tam Ho Tai, Radicalism and the Origins of the Vietnamese Revolution, Harvard University Press, 1992, page 30.
- ^ Jackson, Julian (2001). France; the Dark Years 1940-1944. Oxford University Press. p. 104.
Sources
[edit]- Bon, Nicolas, "Midi 1907, l'histoire d'une révolte vigneronne", vin-terre-net.com (in French), archived from the original on 30 November 2010, retrieved 2 March 2018
- Castillon, René (19 June 2007), "Le 19 juin 1907, la crise de la viticulture languedocienne débouche...", La Vie (in French), retrieved 1 March 2018
- Ferré, Georges (March 2007), "Le Midi viticole, rouge de colère", historia.fr (in French)
Further reading
[edit]- Thomas, Martin (2005), "Albert Sarraut, French Colonial Development, and the Communist Threat, 1919–1930", The Journal of Modern History, 77 (4): 917–955, doi:10.1086/499830, S2CID 146245219.
External links
[edit]- 1872 births
- 1962 deaths
- Politicians from Bordeaux
- Radical Party (France) politicians
- Prime ministers of France
- Ministers of marine
- Ministers of the overseas of France
- French interior ministers
- Ministers of national education of France
- Secretaries of State of France
- Members of the 8th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 9th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of Parliament for Aude
- French senators of the Third Republic
- Senators of Aude
- Governors-general of French Indochina
- Ambassadors of France to Turkey
- 20th-century French newspaper publishers (people)
- Neuengamme concentration camp survivors
- Knights of the Legion of Honour