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The source cited for the statement 'in oak gall systems, there can be up to five levels of parasitism' does not appear to support this claim. The longest chain of hyperparasitism depicted in the source is in the diagram on page 240, and has four levels (Biorhiza, Olynx, Torymus, and then several possible fourth levels). BlueWyrm (talk) 00:35, 13 January 2024 (UTC)[reply]